Introduction to the Most Complete Diesel Engine Classification in History

Diesel engine is a machine that uses diesel as fuel, burns in the cylinder to release heat, and directly uses the expansion of gas to generate pressure to push the piston to work externally. It has the incomparable advantages of other prime movers.Therefore, it is widely used in various sectors of the national economy and plays an increasingly important role in daily life. There are many ways to classify diesel engines. Today, Dingbo Power is here to make a scientific analysis for everyone.

1. Classification by cooling method.

（1）Water-cooled diesel engine, which is a diesel engine that uses water as a cooling medium to cool parts such as cylinders and cylinder heads. There is a water jacket around the cylinder of a diesel engine, and water is used to cool the cylinder.Water-cooled diesel engines treat cooling water in different ways, and can be divided into two types: cooling water open circulation and cooling water closed circulation. Water-cooled diesel generator sets are commonly used in diesel generator plants.

(2) Air-cooled diesel engine, which is a diesel engine that uses air as a cooling medium to cool cylinders and cylinder heads and other parts. There are many fins around the cylinder of a diesel engine, and the flow of external air is used to cool the cylinder. Air-cooled diesel generator sets are mostly used for emergency backup power or mobile power (power car).

2. Classification according to the air intake method.

(1) Suction-type diesel engine refers to the diesel engine in which the air entering the cylinder is not compressed by the compressor, that is, the diesel engine directly sucks people into the surrounding air and runs. For a four-stroke engine, it is also called a naturally aspirated diesel engine.

(3) Supercharged diesel engine refers to a diesel engine in which the air before entering the cylinder has been compressed by a supercharger. After the diesel engine is pressurized, the unit volume power of the cylinder can be increased, but for the diesel engine with the exhaust gas turbocharger and the high speed (1 to tens of thousands of r/min), the service life is shorter.

3. Classification by fuel supply method.

(1) Direct injection diesel engine, which is a diesel engine that directly injects fuel into an open or semi-open combustion chamber.

(2) Supercharged diesel engine refers to a diesel engine in which the air before entering the cylinder has been compressed by a supercharger. After the diesel engine is pressurized, the unit volume power of the cylinder can be increased, but for the diesel engine with the exhaust gas turbocharger and the high speed (1 to tens of thousands of r/min), the service life is shorter.

4. According to the different classification of high and low speed.

(1) Low-speed diesel engines generally refer to diesel engines with crankshaft speed n≤500r/min, or average piston speed Vm<6m/s.

(2) Medium-speed diesel engines generally refer to diesel engines with crankshaft speed 500/min<n<1000r/min, or average piston speed Vm=6~9m/s.

(3) High-speed diesel engines generally refer to diesel engines with crankshaft speed n>1000r/mim or piston average speed Vm>9m/s.

Low-speed diesel engines are mainly used as marine main engines, and their low-speed performance is good. Diesel generator sets generally use medium and high speed diesel engines. The higher the speed of the diesel engine, the smaller the volume, the lighter the weight per unit power, and the faster the wear. The size of the unit is small, and the floor space is also small. Therefore, high-speed diesel engines should be preferred for standby power stations and emergency power stations.

5. Classification according to work cycle mode.

(1) Two-stroke diesel engine refers to a diesel engine in which the piston completes a working cycle through two strokes (the crankshaft rotates 360°). The two-stroke diesel engine is characterized by a large output power per cylinder volume. At present, domestic diesel generator sets are rarely used.

(2) Four-stroke diesel engine refers to a diesel engine in which the piston completes a working cycle through four strokes (the crankshaft rotates 720°).

At present, most domestic diesel engines adopt four-stroke working mode.

6. Classification according to the number of cylinders.

(1) Single-cylinder diesel engine refers to a diesel engine with only one cylinder.

(2) Multi-cylinder diesel engine refers to a diesel engine with more than two cylinders.

7. Classification according to the arrangement of cylinders.

(1) Vertical diesel engine refers to a diesel engine whose cylinder is arranged above the crankshaft and the center line is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.

(2) Horizontal diesel engine refers to a diesel engine whose cylinder center line is parallel to the horizontal plane. The arrangement of diesel engine cylinders includes horizontal, star and H-shaped arrangements. These forms are currently only horizontal single-cylinder diesel engines used in agricultural machinery such as walking tractors, and other forms are rarely used.

(3) In-line diesel engine refers to a diesel engine with two or more vertical cylinders arranged in a row. The cylinders of a diesel engine are arranged vertically in a single row, which is called a single-row diesel engine. This type is commonly used in diesel engines below 6 cylinders.

(4) V-shaped diesel engine refers to a diesel engine with two or two rows of cylinders, the angle between the center lines of the cylinders is V-shaped, and the output power of a crankshaft is shared. The cylinders of the diesel engine are arranged in a V-shaped oblique double row, which is called a double-row V-shaped diesel engine. Diesel engines with more than 8 cylinders often use this form.

8. Classification by use.

(1) Marine diesel engine.

(2) Diesel engines for agricultural machinery.

(3) Diesel engines for tractors.

(4) Diesel engines for power generation.

(5) Diesel engines for locomotives.

(6) Diesel engines for automobiles.

(7) Diesel engines for tanks.

(8) Diesel engines for armored vehicles.

(9) Diesel engines for construction machinery.

(10) Diesel engines for aircraft.

(11) Diesel engines for motorcycles.

(12) Diesel engines for small machinery, such as lawnmowers, electric welding units, powerful water pumps, etc.

9. Classification by control method.

(1) Manual diesel engine means that the operation of the diesel engine adopts on-site manual operation.

(2) Automatic diesel engine means that the operation of the diesel engine can be carried out automatically or in compartments.

10. Classification by starting method.

(1) Manually started diesel engine refers to a small diesel engine that is started manually.

(2) The electric starter diesel engine uses the starter battery to run the starter motor to drive the diesel engine to start.

(3) Assist the gasoline engine to start the electric generator , first start the small gasoline engine with manpower, and then start the diesel engine by the gasoline engine.

(4) Air start diesel engine uses compressed air to pass through the cylinder to push the piston to start the diesel engine.

11. Classification according to power size.

(1) Low-power diesel engines generally refer to diesel engines below 200kW.

(2) Medium-power diesel engine, generally refers to 200~1000kW diesel engine.

(3) High-power diesel engines generally refer to diesel engines above 1000kW.

The above are the types of diesel engines sorted by Dingbo Power for you according to different characteristics. No matter how the diesel engine is classified, it is to meet the needs of convenience. When purchasing a diesel engine, users should pay attention to check whether the diesel engine is beautiful in appearance, clean, and whether there is any surface. Scratches or deformation, incompleteness, etc., whether the product standard code identification implemented by the product is on the product certificate or instruction manual, etc.If you want to know more, please contact by email dingbo@dieselgeneratortech.com.